Fishing in South Sudan: Complete Guide 2026

South Sudan offers one of Africa’s most adventurous and least-explored destinations for fishing in South Sudan. With the mighty White Nile slicing through vast wetlands and the legendary Sudd swamp providing untouched nursery grounds, the country promises exceptional opportunities for Nile perch fishing South Sudan and tigerfish fishing South Sudan. While there is no formal recreational fishing license and you do not need a fishing license in South Sudan for most waters, every trip demands careful planning around mandatory travel permits, security clearances, and professional guidance. This guide delivers everything you need to know for a safe, legal, and unforgettable journey in 2026.

The absence of a centralized South Sudan fishing permit for recreational anglers reflects the young nation’s focus on subsistence fishing by local communities. Instead, the real requirements revolve around entry visas, a National Security Permit for travel outside Juba, and a Photography Permit if you plan to document your catches. These bureaucratic steps, combined with a complex security environment, make booking through a licensed tour operator not just convenient but essential. Operators handle the paperwork, arrange transport, and ensure you stay within safe zones along the White Nile, around Bor, or deeper into the Sudd.

International travelers from the EU, US, UK, and Japan must obtain a visa before arrival. Most nationalities can apply for a single-entry tourist visa at South Sudanese embassies or through approved tour operators who facilitate the process. Yellow Fever vaccination is mandatory, and comprehensive travel insurance covering medical evacuation is non-negotiable due to remote locations and wildlife risks such as crocodiles and hippos. The best time to visit aligns with the late dry season (January to April), when water levels drop, fish become more concentrated, and overland travel is feasible. The rainy season from May to November turns roads into quagmires and can isolate entire regions.

This pioneering fishery rewards those who seek virgin waters rather than polished lodges. You will target tackle-testing Nile perch that can exceed 50 kg (110 lb), lightning-fast tigerfish with their razor teeth, powerful African catfish, and plentiful Nile tilapia. Because local tackle is basic, serious anglers must bring their own high-quality rods, reels, and an ample supply of lures and flies. Expect to pay replacement costs for any terminal tackle lost to the river’s toothy inhabitants or submerged snags.

Throughout this article we cover every practical aspect: from the exact nature of permits and fees managed by the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism, to detailed descriptions of the top fishing locations, how to book fishing tours South Sudan and fishing charters South Sudan, what equipment to pack, current cost breakdowns in USD (the only practical currency), and transport options. We also link to neighboring experiences in Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia for those planning a multi-country African safari that includes nil-perch-fischen-afrika.

Whether you dream of casting from a traditional dugout canoe in the Sudd or fighting a monster perch from a motorized skiff near Juba, this guide prepares you for an authentic African angling adventure. Let’s begin with the legal foundation every visitor must understand before even thinking about packing a rod.

Do You Need a Fishing License in South Sudan?

The short answer is no — there is currently no centralized recreational fishing license South Sudan or daily, weekly, or annual permit required specifically for sport fishing by international visitors. Recreational fishing remains an emerging activity in a country where the vast majority of fishing is still conducted at the community level for subsistence. The government has not yet introduced a formal licensing kiosk system, online portal, or standardized South Sudan fishing permit for tourists the way you might encounter in Kenya or Uganda.

This lack of bureaucracy is both liberating and challenging. On one hand, you avoid the hassle of buying a separate angling license at borders or local offices. On the other, every trip outside the capital of Juba requires multiple layers of travel authorizations that effectively replace any traditional fishing license. The National Security Permit issued by the Ministry of Interior is the single most important document for anglers. Without it, you cannot legally travel to Bor, Malakal, Wau, or any of the productive Nile stretches and Sudd access points. This permit is arranged exclusively through licensed South Sudanese tour operators and typically takes 10–21 days to process.

If your fishing trip involves photography or filming — which most visitors want to do to capture battles with Nile perch or tigerfish — you must also obtain a Photography or Filming Permit from the Media Authority. The cost is modest but the application requires a detailed itinerary, list of equipment, and sometimes prior approval of sample images. Failure to secure this permit can result in equipment confiscation or fines.

When fishing occurs near or inside areas managed by the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism (for example, zones adjacent to national parks or protected wetland corridors within the Sudd), you will pay daily conservation or entrance fees. These are not fishing-specific but are charged per person per day and currently range between 20 and 50 USD depending on the exact location and whether overnight camping is involved. Your tour operator collects these fees on your behalf and provides official receipts.

Because South Sudan’s tourism infrastructure is still developing, all reputable operators emphasize that they bear legal responsibility for your permits, security clearances, and compliance. This is why independent travel for fishing is strongly discouraged. Attempting to arrange your own transport and clearances without a licensed partner can lead to detainment at checkpoints or outright denial of access to the best fishing waters.

Local communities along the White Nile and within the Sudd often practice traditional fishing rights. While there is no formal license, showing respect by fishing only in areas cleared by your guide and by following the operator’s instructions regarding protected community fishing grounds is crucial. Many operators build relationships with local chiefs and fishing cooperatives, and part of your tour fee may support community development projects.

Vaccinations and health documentation form another layer of “permission” to fish in South Sudan. Yellow Fever certification is mandatory for entry and must be presented at the airport in Juba. Malaria prophylaxis, Hepatitis A and B, Typhoid, and Tetanus shots are strongly recommended by international health authorities. You should also carry proof of comprehensive travel insurance that explicitly covers remote river expeditions and emergency medical evacuation — many standard policies exclude South Sudan or require additional riders.

In summary, while you do not need a traditional fishing license, the combination of National Security Permit, Photography Permit (if applicable), conservation fees, and health documentation creates a permit portfolio that must be assembled weeks in advance. The only practical way to do this is by working with an experienced local operator from the very beginning of your planning. This reality shapes every other aspect of a fishing trip to South Sudan and is the reason why guided tours and charters dominate the available options.

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Best Fishing Spots in South Sudan

The heart of best fishing spots South Sudan lies along the White Nile and within the immense Sudd swamp — one of the largest freshwater wetlands on Earth. These ecosystems support an extraordinary biomass of fish and create some of the most pristine and challenging angling environments in Africa. Because infrastructure is limited, each location demands different logistics, different strategies, and offers distinctly different experiences.

Juba and the Upper White Nile is the most accessible and therefore the most popular starting point for international anglers. Located just a few kilometers from the capital’s airport, the White Nile here flows wide and relatively clear during the dry season. You can book six-hour day trips that depart at first light, returning to Juba by early afternoon. The primary target is Nile perch, which patrol the deeper channels and rocky outcrops. Early morning and late afternoon bites are most productive, with anglers using heavy spinning gear or baitcasting outfits loaded with 30–50 lb braid. Local guides know exactly where submerged timber and rock piles hold fish ranging from 5 kg (11 lb) “schoolies” to occasional giants exceeding 40 kg (88 lb). Because Juba is the only place with reasonable medical facilities, many visitors choose to base themselves here for the first few days before heading farther afield.

Further downstream, Bor and the heart of the Sudd swamp represents the pinnacle of Sudd swamp fishing. The Sudd is a labyrinth of papyrus channels, floating islands, and hidden lagoons that stretches over 30,000 square kilometers (11,600 square miles). Access is only possible by boat, and most expeditions involve multi-day camping trips with local Dinka or Nuer fishing communities. The experience is immersive: you sleep in traditional grass huts or tents on higher ground, share meals with communities whose lives revolve entirely around the annual flood cycle, and fish from narrow dugout canoes or small aluminum skiffs. Nile perch here are legendary for both size and aggression. The nutrient-rich waters produce fish that average 10–20 kg (22–44 lb) with genuine 50 kg (110 lb) plus specimens possible during the late dry season when water levels drop and fish concentrate in the remaining deep pools. Tigerfish also thrive in the faster channels between the papyrus beds. Their explosive strikes and acrobatic fights test even the strongest 20–30 lb class fly or spinning tackle. Because the Sudd is so vast, each day feels like true exploration; your guide may take you to lagoons that have seen very few, if any, sport anglers before.

Malakal, located farther north along the White Nile, offers a different character. The river here is wider, the landscape more open savanna, and the fishing more serene. Multi-day houseboat or camping expeditions from Malakal target both Nile perch and large African catfish. The slower current and deeper pools allow for drifting live bait or casting large crankbaits and spinnerbaits. Because Malakal is more remote, visitor numbers are extremely low, giving the feeling of having an entire river system to yourself. Security here is managed tightly by operators, and trips are only offered when the necessary clearances have been obtained. The sheer size of the Nile perch that have been documented in this stretch makes the long journey worthwhile for dedicated trophy hunters.

Wau and the Jur River provide a pleasant contrast to the main Nile. The Jur is a smaller, more intimate river system with clearer water, overhanging vegetation, and beautiful gallery forest. While Nile perch are present, many anglers come here specifically for tigerfish, which hunt in the faster runs and eddies. The scenery is spectacular — especially at sunrise when mist rises from the water — and the fishing can be almost constant. Because the Jur is narrower, accurate casting with lighter spinning or fly gear is rewarded. Local operators based in Wau can arrange day trips or two-to-three-night camping excursions. The area is also known for good numbers of Nile tilapia and various carp species that provide excellent sport on lighter tackle when the larger predators are not feeding.

Each of these locations comes with its own seasonal nuances. The late dry season (February to April) generally offers the best combination of fish concentration, accessible banks or channels, and tolerable temperatures (daytime highs around 35–38 °C / 95–100 °F). As the rains begin in May, water levels rise dramatically, fish disperse into the flooded grasslands, and many tracks become impassable. Serious anglers therefore plan their visits carefully around this weather window.

Safety and cultural sensitivity are paramount at every spot. Your guide will explain which areas are currently stable and which are off-limits. They will also introduce you to local fishing customs — for example, the importance of not harvesting certain species during spawning periods or respecting sacred fishing grounds. Many operators ensure that a percentage of trip revenue supports local schools, health clinics, or conservation initiatives around the Sudd. This community-focused approach not only improves security but also helps preserve the fishery for the future.

The sheer scale and wildness of these waters cannot be overstated. Casting a lure across a channel knowing that the same water has sustained civilizations for thousands of years, while sharing the river with hippos, crocodiles, and countless birds, creates an experience that goes far beyond catching fish. The Sudd in particular is a place where you can truly feel you are fishing waters that very few outsiders have ever seen. This combination of untouched habitat, legendary sport fish, and profound cultural immersion makes the best fishing spots in South Sudan genuinely unique on the African continent.

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Tours & Guided Experiences

Because independent travel for fishing is impractical and often unsafe, virtually every successful trip to South Sudan is built around professional fishing tours South Sudan. Licensed operators take complete responsibility for securing your National Security Permit, Photography Permit, conservation fees, ground transport, boats, guides, meals, and accommodation. They also provide the cultural and security context that turns a simple fishing trip into a deeply rewarding expedition.

Several established operators dominate the market. Mathiang Adventures (mathiangadventures.com) specializes in multi-day Sudd swamp expeditions out of Bor. Their classic 7-night package includes airport transfers in Juba, road or air transfer to Bor, full camping equipment, three meals daily, experienced Dinka guides, and daily boat excursions into the papyrus labyrinth. Current 2026 pricing starts at approximately 3,850 USD per person based on double occupancy for the full week. This covers all permits and fees but does not include international flights or visas. Clients regularly report multiple Nile perch over 20 kg (44 lb) and thrilling tigerfish action. The company’s strong relationships with local communities mean guests are welcomed into villages for traditional dancing and storytelling in the evenings.

South Sudan Tours (southsudan-tours.com) offers more flexible options ranging from single-day Juba excursions on the White Nile to 10-day comprehensive Nile and Sudd itineraries. Their one-day Juba fishing tour currently costs 290 USD per person and includes a guide, boat, basic tackle, bottled water, and lunch. For those wanting to combine fishing with cultural sightseeing, they can add visits to local markets or peace memorials in Juba. Their longer expeditions to Malakal or the Jur River near Wau are priced on request but typically fall between 450 and 650 USD per person per day when all-inclusive.

Visit South Sudan (visitsouthsudan.org) focuses on higher-end customized trips and works with international partners to bring experienced guides from Uganda and Kenya for specialist Nile perch and tigerfish techniques. Their photography-focused tours include the necessary Media Authority permits and professional support for clients who want to produce high-quality content. Expect to pay a premium — around 5,500–7,200 USD for a 8-day fully supported expedition.

TraveloSudan (travelosudan.com) and We Will Nomad (wewillnomad.com) also advertise fishing packages, often combining angling with birdwatching in the Sudd or visits to UNESCO tentative World Heritage sites. Their prices are broadly comparable, usually quoted in clean US dollars with a 50 % deposit required to begin the permit application process.

All reputable operators insist on a minimum lead time of 6–8 weeks to process security clearances. Last-minute bookings are rarely possible. When you make an inquiry, expect to provide passport details, exact travel dates, a list of any filming equipment, and confirmation of Yellow Fever vaccination. Operators will then compile your dossier and submit it to the relevant ministries in Juba.

On the water, guided experiences vary. In Juba, you may fish from 6–7 meter (20–23 ft) fiberglass skiffs powered by 40 hp outboards. In the Sudd, traditional log canoes or small inflatable boats allow silent movement through narrow channels where outboards would be impossible. Guides demonstrate traditional fishing methods using throw nets and spears, offering fascinating insight even when you are using modern lures. Many speak excellent English, having worked previously with NGOs or as translators, which removes language barriers for most international visitors.

A typical day on a multi-day tour begins before sunrise with strong coffee and a light breakfast. You depart at first light to fish the prime feeding hours, returning to camp for a hot lunch during the heat of the day. Afternoon sessions run until sunset, followed by dinner around the campfire and stories from both guides and local community members. Because nights can be surprisingly cool in the dry season (down to 15 °C / 59 °F), quality sleeping bags are recommended even though operators provide tents.

Catch-and-release is not traditional in South Sudan, where fish provide vital protein. However, all the operators listed above are willing to practice selective catch-and-release if requested in advance. They will photograph your trophy, remove the hook with care, and revive the fish in the water. Many now carry modern landing nets and jaw grippers to minimize harm. If you wish to keep a fish for the village or for dinner, the guides will select smaller specimens and prepare them simply over an open fire — an unforgettable culinary experience.

Safety protocols are rigorous. Every boat carries life jackets, basic first-aid kits, satellite phones or HF radios, and plenty of drinking water. Operators maintain close contact with local security forces and will abort a trip at the first sign of instability. Clients must follow instructions precisely, especially regarding movement after dark or approaching wildlife.

For travelers coming from Europe or North America, these tours represent a significant but justified investment. When you compare the cost to a week in a luxury lodge in Botswana or Zambia, the price is broadly comparable, yet you receive the added value of helping a young nation develop sustainable tourism while accessing waters that have seen almost no sport-fishing pressure.

Booking through these operators also gives you access to knowledge that no guidebook can provide. They know which lagoons within the Sudd are producing fish at any given week, which communities are welcoming visitors, and which checkpoints require extra documentation. This local intelligence is the difference between an average trip and the fishing adventure of a lifetime.

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Practical Travel Information

Getting to South Sudan is straightforward but requires advance preparation. Most international anglers fly into Juba International Airport (JUB). Ethiopian Airlines, Kenya Airways, Turkish Airlines, and EgyptAir offer regular connections from their respective hubs. Flight time from Addis Ababa is about 1.5 hours, from Nairobi roughly 2 hours. One-way economy fares typically range between 280 and 450 USD depending on season and booking window.

Upon arrival, you must present a printed visa (obtained in advance) and your Yellow Fever vaccination certificate. The e-visa system is expanding but still unreliable for many nationalities in 2026; most operators recommend applying through an embassy or using their visa facilitation service (additional 120–180 USD).

Once in Juba, internal travel is almost always arranged by your operator. Road transfers to Bor take 6–8 hours on improving but still rough tarmac and dirt roads. Charter flights operated by small airlines such as SL South Sudan or humanitarian carriers can reach Bor, Malakal, or Wau in under an hour when booked as part of a package. Expect to pay 350–650 USD per person one way for these small-plane transfers.

Accommodation outside Juba is basic. In the capital you can choose between the Juba Grand Hotel or several mid-range guesthouses (80–150 USD per night). In Bor and more remote locations, expect comfortable but simple tented camps or traditional grass compounds with shared or private pit-latrine facilities. Solar power is common, but reliable electricity and internet are rare. Satellite Wi-Fi hotspots can be rented from operators for an extra 15 USD per day.

Communication presents challenges. Local SIM cards from MTN or Zain work in Juba but coverage disappears quickly once you enter the Sudd. Many operators provide a dedicated satellite phone for emergencies. Downloading offline maps (OsmAnd or Gaia GPS) and carrying a handheld GPS is strongly advised. Translation apps such as Google Translate with downloaded Arabic and Dinka language packs can be helpful, although most professional guides speak good English.

Health preparation cannot be overstated. In addition to mandatory Yellow Fever, ensure your routine vaccinations are current. Malaria risk is high year-round; take appropriate prophylaxis. Pack a comprehensive medical kit including treatments for traveler’s diarrhea, motion sickness for boat travel, and any personal prescription medicines with copies of prescriptions. Comprehensive travel insurance with at least 250,000 USD emergency evacuation coverage is mandatory — companies such as Allianz or IMG offer policies that explicitly cover South Sudan when declared in advance.

Currency is almost exclusively US dollars. Bring clean, crisp 50 and 100 USD notes printed after 2009. Older bills are often rejected. There are almost no functioning ATMs outside Juba, and credit cards are accepted only at a handful of large hotels. Budget for all expenses in cash.

Security situation remains fluid. Certain states are off-limits to tourists. Your operator will only propose itineraries in currently stable areas and will update you if conditions change. Register your trip with your embassy’s consular section and use their alert systems. Avoid all travel after dark, follow your guide’s instructions exactly, and never wander away from camp unaccompanied.

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Cultural respect goes a long way. Dress modestly, ask permission before photographing people, and greet community members in the local manner. Small gifts such as fishing line, hooks, or school supplies are appreciated when given through your guide rather than directly.

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What to Pack and Equipment Considerations

South Sudan is not a destination where you can buy forgotten tackle. Professional-level gear must be brought from home. For Nile perch, bring heavy spinning or baitcasting combos rated for 30–65 lb line, at least 300 meters of 50–80 lb braid, and a selection of large crankbaits, spinnerbaits, and soft plastics on 3/0 to 8/0 hooks. Tigerfish demand wire leaders and fast-action rods capable of casting 20–40 g lures. A 7–9 weight fly rod with intermediate and sinking lines is ideal for both species in certain situations.

Pack at least twice as many lures and flies as you think you will need. Local fish are often not shy but extremely hard on terminal tackle; lost lures are common. Operators may charge you the replacement value (usually 8–15 USD per lure) if they supply the tackle and you lose it.

Clothing should include long-sleeved UV-protective shirts, quick-dry trousers, a wide-brimmed hat, and polarized sunglasses. Even in the dry season, mornings and evenings can be cool, so bring a lightweight fleece. Lightweight waterproofs are useful for boat spray or unexpected showers. Sturdy sandals or boat shoes that can get wet are better than heavy boots for most Sudd fishing.

Other essentials include a head torch, power bank, insect repellent (DEET 30 % or higher), sunscreen (SPF 50+), a wide-spectrum first-aid kit, and a water purification system or plenty of purification tablets. Binoculars enhance birdwatching in the Sudd, where you may see shoebills, saddle-billed storks, and countless other species.

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Costs and Budgeting for 2026

Almost all pricing in South Sudan is quoted in US dollars. A typical 7-day fishing package including permits, accommodation, meals, ground and boat transport, and guiding ranges from 3,200 USD to 6,500 USD per person depending on group size and remoteness. Single-day Juba trips start at 290 USD. Internal flights add 350–700 USD per leg. Visas cost 100–150 USD, Photography Permits around 50 USD, and conservation fees 20–50 USD per day.

When compared with a similar Nile perch safari in Uganda, South Sudan is 20–30 % more expensive due to the higher logistical and security overhead. However, the dramatically lower angling pressure often results in better catch rates and a far more authentic experience.

Cost Comparison Table

| Item | Approximate Cost (USD) | Notes |

|-----------------------------|------------------------|-------|

| 7-day Sudd expedition | 3,850 – 5,200 | All-inclusive except flights |

| 1-day Juba trip | 290 | Boat, guide, lunch |

| National Security Permit | Included in package | Arranged by operator |

| Photography Permit | 50 | If filming |

| Conservation fees | 20–50 per day | Paid on location |

| Internal flight Juba–Bor | 420 | One way |

| Visa | 120 | Single entry |

Bring at least 1,000 USD in small denominations for tips, additional drinks, craft purchases, and contingency. Tipping guides 20–30 USD per day is appreciated.

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FAQ – Fishing in South Sudan

Do you need a fishing license in South Sudan?

No formal recreational fishing license is required for tourists. However, you must obtain a National Security Permit for travel outside Juba, possible Photography Permit, and pay conservation fees where applicable. All of these are arranged by your chosen tour operator.

What is the best time to fish in South Sudan?

The optimal period is the late dry season from January to April. Water levels are lower, fish concentrate in accessible channels and lagoons, and overland travel is possible. Avoid the rainy season (May–November) when many areas become inaccessible.

Is it safe to travel to South Sudan for fishing?

With a reputable operator, travel to approved fishing zones is manageable. The security situation is monitored daily, and operators will only proceed when clearances are granted. Independent travel is not recommended. Comprehensive insurance and adherence to all instructions are essential.

What species can I catch in the Sudd and White Nile?

The primary targets are Nile perch (up to 50 kg / 110 lb and heavier), tigerfish, African catfish, Nile tilapia, and several carp species. The biodiversity of the Sudd makes every day exciting.

Should I bring my own fishing gear?

Yes. While basic tackle is sometimes provided, serious anglers should bring high-quality rods, reels, plenty of braid, and a large selection of lures and flies. Lost terminal tackle is common and you may be asked to pay replacement costs.

Can I practice catch and release?

Most operators will accommodate catch-and-release if you request it in advance. Local communities rely on fish for food, so selective release of larger specimens combined with keeping a few smaller fish for the village is the preferred approach.

What vaccinations and documents do I need?

Yellow Fever vaccination is mandatory and must be documented. Routine vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and comprehensive travel insurance with high evacuation coverage are also required. A valid passport with at least six months validity and a pre-arranged visa are essential.

How far in advance should I book?

Booking at least 8–12 weeks before departure is recommended to allow sufficient time for National Security Permit and other clearances to be processed. Popular dry-season dates fill quickly.

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Conclusion

Fishing in South Sudan is not a comfortable, mass-market experience. It is a genuine adventure into one of Africa’s last great wilderness fisheries. With no recreational fishing license required yet a host of essential travel permits, the journey demands planning and the support of professional operators. Yet for those willing to accept the challenges, the rewards are extraordinary: monster Nile perch in virgin waters, explosive tigerfish strikes in the Sudd, nights under stars shared with communities whose lives remain intimately tied to the annual flood pulse.

If you seek polished lodges and guaranteed fish every cast, look elsewhere. But if you dream of exploring the same Nile waters that have sustained civilizations for millennia, of casting where few outsiders have ever fished, and of returning with stories that few anglers can match, South Sudan may be the ultimate destination.

Start by contacting a licensed operator well in advance. Prepare your gear, secure your vaccinations and insurance, and ready yourself for an experience that will redefine your understanding of African fishing. The White Nile and the Sudd are waiting.

Ready to plan your trip? Browse the latest fishing tours and charters through the affiliate links in this guide and begin the adventure of a lifetime.

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Sources & Further Links

mathiangadventures.com

travelosudan.com

southsudan-tours.com

visitsouthsudan.org

wewillnomad.com

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of South Sudan

FishingBooker – Charter Boats & Fishing Tours

GetYourGuide – Fishing Tours

Disclaimer: This guide was written in 2026 based on the best information available at the time of publication. Fishing regulations, security situations, permit requirements, and prices can change at short notice. Always verify the latest requirements directly with the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism, the Ministry of Interior, and your chosen licensed tour operator before booking any travel to South Sudan. The authors and FishingWorldGuide.com assume no liability for any losses, damages, or injuries incurred while planning or undertaking a fishing trip to South Sudan. Safe travels and tight lines.